Colonial Cities: Urbanisation, Architecture aur Badaav

Yeh chapter aapko colonial period mein Bharat ke shahron ke vikas ki samajh degi. Mughal samay se lekar British raj tak, shahron ka roop kis tarah badla, iski charcha karenge.

Mukhya Vishay

• Colonial shahron ka uday (jaise Bombay, Madras, Calcutta).
• Architecture aur planning par British prabhav.
• Shahri karya-sansthaayein aur naye social groups.

Links for Chapter-wise Download NCERT Book for Class 12 भारतीय इतिहास के कुछ विषय भाग II in hindi Language

Here we have provided NCERT Book for Class 12 भारतीय इतिहास के कुछ विषय भाग II in hindi Language, Just select the chapters below to get Exemplar Solution of the same:

Prelims

यात्रियों के नजरिए

भक्ति सूफी परंपराएँ

एक साम्राज्य की राजधानी विजयनगर

किसान, जमींदार और राज्य

शासक और विभिन्न इतिवृत्त

Colonial Cities: Ek Parichay

18th century ke aas-pass, East India Company ne apne trading centres ko fortified settlements mein badalna shuru kiya. Yeh Calcutta, Madras aur Bombay jaise presidencies ke centre ban gaye. In shahron ki planning aur architecture company ki military, political aur economic zarooraton ko reflect karti thi.

Shahri Vikas aur Rehne Ka Tarika

British rule ke saath, shahron mein do alag-alag areas (white town aur black town) dikhayi dene lage. White town mein Europeans rehte the, jahaan wide roads, barracks, churches aur bungalows the. Black town ya 'native' area typically crowded, with narrower streets and different housing styles tha. Yeh spatial segregation social hierarchies ko dikhata tha.

Architecture aur ‘Civilising Mission’

British ne apne architecture through apna authority establish kiya. Neo-classical style, jaise pillars aur domes, government buildings mein use kiye gaye, jo order aur stability ka pratik the. Gothic style ki revival bhi hui, jisme high peaks, pointed arches the, jaise Bombay University aur Victoria Terminus. In buildings ko ‘civilising mission’ ka hissa mana jata tha.

Naye Shahri Institutions aur Public Spaces

Colonial cities mein naye types ki public buildings aayi: Town Halls, public libraries, museums, theatres aur parks. Yeh spaces publicly accessible the, lekin often elite classes ke liye hi. Railways, tramways aur better communication networks ne shahron ki connectivity badha di. Municipal corporations ki sthapna hui, jo sanitation, water supply jaise kaam dekhti thi, lekin yeh facilities bhi unevenly distributed the.

Samajik Jeevan aur Parivartan

Shahron mein naye social groups uth kar aaye. Middle class professionals—lawyers, doctors, teachers—ki sankhya badh gayi. Printing press aur newspapers ke aane se nayi public debate ki culture ne janam liya. Kuch traditional artisans aur traders ki haalat kharab hui, jabki naye opportunities bhi paida hue. Mahilaayein bhi public sphere mein dikhayi dene lagi, lekin unke liye restrictions kayi the.

Swatantrata Andolan aur Shahre

Colonial cities rashtriya andolan ke centre ban gaye. Political meetings, protests, aur boycott campaigns yahin se plan kiye jaate the. Newspapers ne national consciousness ko shape karne mein bada role nibhaaya. Is tarah, colonial cities exploitation ke centres hone ke saath-saath resistance ke centres bhi bane.