NCERT Class 8 Vigyaan: Chapter 1 - Fasal Utpadan aur Prabandh

Yeh chapter aapko basic agricultural practices ke baare mein batata hai. Hum dekhenge ki hum apna khana kaise produce karte hain aur different faslon ko kaise manage karte hain.

Chapter ke Mukhya Vishay

• Kheti ke mool steps
• Faslon ke alag-alag prakar
• Mitti ki taiyari aur beejai
• Sinchai, nirali aur faslon ka bachav

Links for Chapter-wise Download NCERT Book for Class 8 विज्ञान in hindi Language

Here we have provided NCERT Book for Class 8 विज्ञान in hindi Language, Just select the chapters below to get Exemplar Solution of the same:

Prelims

फसल उत्पादन एवं प्रबंध

सूक्ष्मजीव मित्र एवं शत्र

संश्लेषित रेशे और प्लास्टिक

पदार्थ धातु और अधात

कोयला और पेट्रोलियम

दहन और ज्वाला

पौधे एवं जंतुओं का संरक्षण

कोशिका संरचना एवं प्रकार्य

जंतुओं में जन

किशोरावस्था की ओर

बल तथा दाब

घर्षण

ध्वनि

विद्युत धारा के रासायनिक प्रभाव

कुछ प्राकृतिक परिघटनाएँ

प्रकाश

तारे एवं सौर परिवार

वायु तथा जल का प्रदूषण

परिभाषिक शब्दावली

पाठ्यपुस्तकों में विषय सामग्री का पुनर्संयोजन

NCERT Class 8 Vigyaan: Fasal Utpadan aur Prabandh (Crop Production and Management)

Is chapter mein hum agriculture ya kheti-baadi ke basic tarikon ko samjhenge. Agriculture ek primary activity hai jo humare food production ka base hai. Humare desh ki aadhikansh jansankhya agriculture par nirbhar hai.

Agricultural Practices: Kheti ke Mool Steps

Kisi bhi fasal ko ugane ke liye kuch basic steps follow kiye jaate hain. Inhe agricultural practices kehte hain. Yeh steps sequential hote hain.

• Soil Preparation (Mitti ki Taiyari): Sabse pehle mitti ko jota jaata hai taaki woh loose ho jaaye. Isse air, water aur nutrients ko absorb karne mein aasani hoti hai.
• Sowing (Beejai): Is step mein healthy aur high quality ke beejon ko mitti mein appropriate depth par lagaya jaata hai.
• Manuring aur Fertilization (Khaad Daalna): Soil ko nutrients provide karne ke liye khaad ya fertilizer daale jaate hain.
• Irrigation (Sinchai): Faslon ko samay-samay par pani dena bahut zaroori hota hai. Wells, tubewells, canals jaise sources ka istemal hota hai.
• Weed Protection (Nirali): Unwanted plants ya weeds ko remove karna zaroori hai kyunki yeh faslon ke nutrients, light aur jagah ke liye compete karte hain.
• Harvesting (Fasal Kaatna): Jab fasal fully grown ho jaati hai, toh use kat liya jaata hai. Is process ko harvesting kehte hain.
• Storage (Bhandaar): Harvesting ke baad, fasal ko sahi tareeke se store kiya jaata hai taaki wahi khareed-farokht ke liye upyog mein laai ja sake.

Types of Crops: Faslon ke Prakar

Faslon ko mainly unke growing season ke hisaab se categorize kiya jaata hai.

• Kharif Crops: Yeh faslein rainy season mein ugaai jaati hain (June to September). Examples: Paddy (Chawal), Maize (Makka), Cotton (Kapas), Soybean.
• Rabi Crops: Yeh faslein winter season mein ugaai jaati hain (October to March). Examples: Wheat (Gehun), Gram (Chana), Mustard (Sarson), Peas (Matar).

Soil Preparation: Mitti ki Tayyari

Soil preparation do main tools se ki jaati hai: Plough aur Hoe. Plough ko bailon ya tractor se khichta hai. Isse soil loose hoti hai aur weeds upar aa jaate hain. Cultivator naam ke modern tool ka bhi istemal aajkal hota hai.

Irrigation Methods: Sinchai ke Tarike

Faslon ko pani dene ke traditional aur modern dono tarike hain. Traditional methods mein moat (rahat), chain pump, dhekli shamil hain. Modern methods mein sprinkler system aur drip irrigation system aate hain jo pani ki bachat karte hain.

Animal Husbandry: Pashu Palan

Agriculture mein sirf crop production hi nahi, balki animals ka palan bhi important part hai. Milk, meat, eggs, wool aur labour ke liye animals paale jaate hain. Is practice ko animal husbandry kehte hain.

Overall, yeh chapter humein batata hai ki humare thali tak pahunchne wale ann ka safar kaisa hota hai aur kis mehnat se fasal tayyar hoti hai. Yeh basic concepts aage ke classes mein advanced agriculture samajhne ke liye foundation banenge.