Bharatiya Arthyavyastha Ka Vikas - Class 11 Notes

Yeh chapter humein batata hai ki aazadi se pahle aur baad bharat ki arthyavyastha kaise badli. Colonial period mein bharat sirf raw material supply karta tha. Aaj hum planning aur reforms ke madhyam se vikas ki taraf badh rahe hain.

Mukhya Bindu

• Colonial economy ki visheshtayein
• Planning Commission aur Five Year Plans
• Agriculture, Industry aur Foreign Trade mein sudhar
• 1991 ke economic reforms

Here we have provided NCERT notes for Class 11 भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था का विकास in hindi Language, Just select the chapters below to get notes of the same:

भारत का आर्थिक विकास

भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था (1950and 90)

1991 की आर्थिक सुधार

निर्धनता

भारत में मानव पूँजी का निर्माण

ग्रामीण विकास

रोजगारand संवृद्धि: अनौपचारीकरण एवं अन्य मुद्दे

मुद्रास्फीति समस्या व नीतियाँ

आधारिक संरचना

पोषणीय आर्थिक विकास

1. Colonial Period Mein Arthyavyastha

Aazadi se pahle bharat ek kisaan pradhan desh tha. British ne zamindari system lagaya, jisme kisaano se zyada lagaan liya jaata tha. 'Drain of wealth' theory ke anusar bharat ki sampatti british le gaye. Industry ko girane ke liye british mal ka free import kiya gaya.

• Agriculture: Sirf cash crops (cotton, indigo) ugane ko majboor
• Industry: Hathkargha aur chhoti industries barbaad
• Foreign trade: Sirf british ke liye raw material export, desh ki jankari nahi

2. Aazadi Ke Baad Planning Ka Shuruwat

1947 mein aazadi ke baad bharat ne socialist model adopt kiya. 1950 mein Planning Commission bana aur pehla Five Year Plan 1951 mein shuru hua. Iska focus agriculture aur infrastructure par tha. Baad ke plans mein industry aur public sector ko pradhanta di gayi.

Five Year Plans Ke Kuchh Khas Baatein

• Pehla Plan (1951-56): Agriculture par focus, irrigation, energy
• Doosra Plan (1956-61): Heavy industry, steel mills, public sector
• Teen Plan (1961-66): Agriculture aur industry dono, lekin war aur drought ne asar daala

3. Agriculture Ka Vikas - Green Revolution

1960 ke dashak mein Green Revolution aaya. High yielding seeds, fertilizers aur irrigation se gehun aur chawal ka utpadan badh gaya. Lekin yeh sirf kuchh rajyon (Punjab, Haryana) mein safal raha. Kisanon ki sthiti abhi bhi kharab rahi.

• Kharif aur Rabi crops ka utpadan badha
• Kisanon ko market mein sahi daam nahi mila
• Fertilizer aur pesticide ka zyada use – environmental problem

4. Industry Ka Vikas

1956 ki Industrial Policy ke anusar public sector ko heavy industries (steel, coal, railways) mein monopoly mili. Private sector sirf consumer goods (textiles, sugar) mein tha. License Raj ki vajah se private companies ko bahut permission lena padta tha, jisse growth slow rahi.

• Public sector companies (SAIL, BHEL, ONGC) ka vikas
• Lekin efficiency aur loss ka problem
• Small scale industries ko bhi pradhanta di gayi

5. Foreign Trade Aur Balance of Payments

Aazadi ke baad bharat ne import substitution policy apnai. Hum imported goods par high tariff lagate the taaki desh mein hi cheezein bane. Lekin isse quality aur competition nahi badhi. 1990 tak bharat ka foreign exchange reserve bahut kam ho gaya tha, aur hum IMF se loan lene ko majboor hue.

6. 1991 Ke Economic Reforms

1991 mein balance of payments crisis ke baad bharat ne 'New Economic Policy' shuru ki. Ismein Liberalization, Privatization aur Globalization (LPG) the. License Raj khatam kiya gaya, foreign investment ko aane diya gaya, aur public sector ko kam kiya gaya.

• Liberalization: Industry ke liye license ki zaroorat kam hui
• Privatization: Government ne apni companies bechi (disinvestment)
• Globalization: Foreign companies ko bharat mein aane diya, tariff kam kiye

7. Result Aur Current Sthiti

Reforms ke baad bharat ki arthyavyastha fast growth karni lagi. Service sector (IT, banking) bahut badha. Lekin agriculture aur rural sector mein abhi bhi problems hain. Aaj bharat world economy mein ek major player hai, lekin garibi aur inequality khatam nahi hui.

Yeh notes aapko Class 11 Economics ke syllabus ko samajhne mein madad karenge. Har topic ko NCERT se relate karte hue padhna faydemand rahega.